Governance

At the level of the Romanian State, the following market surveillance authorities have been identified through the Memorandum on the designation of competent national authorities and the establishment of the single national contact point regarding the application of the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/2008, (EU) No 167/2013, (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2019/2144 and Directives 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act):

• ANCOM – market surveillance authority and Single Point of Contact for the AI Act;

• The Financial Supervisory Authority and the National Bank of Romania – for high-risk AI systems in the financial services sector, where the placing on the market, putting into service or use of such systems is directly related to the provision of the respective financial services;

• National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing – for high-risk AI systems in the field of biometrics used for law enforcement, border management and the safeguarding of justice and democracy, as well as for high-risk AI systems used in the areas of migration, asylum, border control management, the administration of justice and democratic processes;

• The authorities designated at national level for the supervision of sectors regulated by Union normative acts. ANCOM is the supervisory authority in the field of electromagnetic compatibility and radio equipment, along with other sectoral authorities, such as the National Authority for Consumer Protection and the Labour Inspectorate.

The surveillance authorities responsible for the implementation of the Artificial Intelligence Regulation are tasked with: verifying compliance with the requirements of the Artificial Intelligence Act by AI systems, particularly high-risk ones; monitoring the market and assessing serious incidents involving high-risk AI systems, with the power to impose necessary corrective measures; providing guidance and support to economic operators – including SMEs and start-ups – to facilitate the correct application of the regulation’s requirements and foster responsible innovation; cooperating with European bodies to harmonize the regulation’s implementation across all Member States.

Furthermore, the Authority for the Digitization of Romania has been designated, via the Memorandum, as the notifying authority responsible at the national level for carrying out the procedures necessary for the assessment, designation, and notification of conformity assessment bodies for AI systems, as well as for their monitoring.